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Barbara McClintock was a renowned American geneticist known for her groundbreaking work in maize genetics. Born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, McClintock earned her PhD from Cornell University in 1927. Her research on genetic transposition and discovery of mobile genetic elements challenged existing scientific beliefs. In 1983, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work. McClintock's contributions revolutionized the field of genetics and continue to inspire scientists worldwide.