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Alan Turing was a pioneering British mathematician, logician, and computer scientist born in 1912. Turing is widely recognized as the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. During World War II, he played a crucial role in breaking the German Enigma code, significantly contributing to the Allied victory. Despite his groundbreaking work, Turing faced discrimination for his homosexuality and tragically died in 1954 at the age of 41. His legacy continues to inspire advancements in technology and computing.