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Sir Alexander Fleming was a renowned Scottish biologist and pharmacologist who revolutionized the field of medicine with his discovery of penicillin in 1928. Born in 1881 in Scotland, Fleming served as a doctor in World War I, where he observed the impact of antiseptics on infections. This experience led him to discover the antibiotic properties of the Penicillium mold, which laid the foundation for the development of antibiotics. Fleming received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for his groundbreaking work. He passed away in 1955, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the field of medicine.