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Jean-Paul Sartre was a renowned French philosopher, playwright, and novelist. Born in 1905, he became a leading figure in existentialist philosophy, emphasizing individual freedom, responsibility, and the absence of inherent meaning in life. Sartre's influential works include "Being and Nothingness" and the play "No Exit." He was also known for his political activism and support for Marxism. Sartre declined the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964, citing his belief in rejecting honors and his desire to remain independent. He died in 1980, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the realms of philosophy, literature, and political thought.