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Enrico Fermi was an Italian physicist known for his contributions to nuclear physics and quantum theory. Born in 1901, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938 for his work on induced radioactivity. Fermi played a key role in the development of the first nuclear reactor and was a leading figure in the Manhattan Project, which led to the creation of the atomic bomb. His groundbreaking research laid the foundation for the field of nuclear energy and solidified his legacy as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. Fermi passed away in 1954, leaving behind a lasting impact on the scientific community.