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Pope Urban II, born Odo of Châtillon, was a prominent figure in the Catholic Church during the 11th century. He is best known for launching the First Crusade in 1095, calling for Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule. Urban II played a key role in shaping the political landscape of medieval Europe through his religious authority and diplomatic skills. His preaching and leadership inspired thousands to take up arms in the name of Christianity. Urban II's actions had a lasting impact on the relationship between the East and the West and are still studied and debated by historians and scholars today.