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Claude Shannon (1916-2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as the "father of information theory." He made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of communication, cryptography, and computer science. Shannon's 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" laid the foundation for modern information theory and revolutionized the way information is transmitted and processed. His work on digital circuit design and the concept of "bit" paved the way for the development of digital computers and the internet. Shannon's genius and innovations have had a lasting impact on technology and communication systems worldwide.