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Edward Gough Whitlam was an Australian politician who served as the 21st Prime Minister of Australia from 1972 to 1975. He was known for his progressive policies, including the implementation of universal healthcare, free education, and indigenous land rights. Whitlam was a member of the Australian Labor Party and was instrumental in modernizing Australia's economy and social policies. His time in office was marked by both accomplishments and controversies, including his dismissal in 1975 by the Governor-General, which led to a constitutional crisis. Whitlam's legacy continues to influence Australian politics to this day.