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Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor, and mechanical engineer. Considered the "father of the computer," Babbage designed the first mechanical computer, known as the Analytical Engine. His work laid the foundation for modern computing and artificial intelligence. Babbage was a prolific writer and his ideas greatly influenced the field of mathematics and technology. He was also a founding member of the Royal Astronomical Society and a passionate advocate for scientific and social reform.