Isaac Newton was a renowned physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who lived from 1642 to 1727. Born in England, he is best known for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation that revolutionized our understanding of the physical world. Newton's groundbreaking work laid the foundation for classical mechanics and calculus. He also made significant contributions to optics, developing the theory of colors and the reflecting telescope. His work continues to influence scientific thought and remains a cornerstone of modern physics.