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James Buchanan was the 15th president of the United States, serving from 1857 to 1861. Born on April 23, 1791, in Pennsylvania, Buchanan had a distinguished career in politics, serving as a congressman, senator, secretary of state, and ambassador. He was known for his diplomatic skills and commitment to preserving the union. However, his presidency was marred by the growing tensions over slavery that eventually led to the Civil War. Buchanan struggled to find a peaceful solution to the crisis, and many critics view his presidency as ineffective. He passed away on June 1, 1868, leaving behind a complex legacy as a leader during a tumultuous time in American history.